语法名词间接引语，又叫间接引述，英文为 indirect statement也可表达为reported speech。

间接引语是与直接引语相对的语法概念。

在英文语法中，间接引语只用在表述意见的动词 perception 之后的一种从句，这种从句并非由主语直接叙述出来，而是通过第三人转述的。实际上间接引语大都是宾语从句，当直接引语为祈使句，陈述句，疑问句被转换成间接引语时，句子的结构，人称，时态，时间，时间状语和地点状语等都要发生改变。间接引语其实就是我们所说的第三人称转述。

基本信息

中文名称: 间接引语

外文名称: Indirect Speech(Reported speech)

别名: 间接引述

类型: 语法名词

目录

  1.例句   2.英语中  来自.的间接引语   3.总结

例句

直接引语是与间接引语相对的语法概念。

内容如:小明说:"我是个学生"

直接引语可表述为:"小明说:'我是个学生'"

间接引语可表述为:"小明说他是个学生。"

英语中的间接引语

直接引语

引述或转述别人的话称为"引语"。直接引用别人的原话，  供娘太孔英吗晶改绍女.两边用引号" "标出，叫做直接引语;用自己的语言转述别人的话，不需要引号的叫做间接引语，实际上间接引语大都是宾语从句(其中由祈使句转换的间接引语除  书攻却马短.外，其转换后是不定式)。那么直接引语为陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和祈使句，转换为间接引语时，句子的结构，人称、时态、时间状语和地点状语等都要有变化，如何变化呢?

直接引语

(DirectSpeech):当我们引用别人的话语时，若引用的是原话，被引用的部分叫直接引语。

间接引语

(IndirectSpeech):当我们引用别人的话语时，也可以用自己的话把意思转述出来，这种转述的祖养望算推试农别人说话的部分叫做间接引语。

典型例句:

She said,"I like English very 想养国投肉much."(直接引语)

(她说:"我非常喜欢英语"。)

She said she liked English 孙由提各斗修诗划章very much.(间接达多兵判引语)

(她说她非常喜欢英语。)

人称的转变

直接引语

间接引语

一般过去时

现在完成时

过去  有需故片弱.完成时

现在进行时

过去进行时

过去完成时

过去完成时(不变)

入仍世胡曲司转过去进行时

过去进行时

现在时

过去时

一般将来时

过去将来时

1)直接引语中的第一人称春差少，一般转换为第三人称，如:

He said，"I 烧财复班am very sorry."

-->He said h2at he was very sorry.

2)直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对转述人说的,转换为第一人称，如想超两础省策:

"You should be m方出区打贵夫管界ore careful next time," my fah2er told me.

-->My fah2er told me h2at I should be more car见eful h2e next time.

3)直接引语中的辩套姜第二人称，如果原话是针对第三人称说的，转换成第三人称。如:

She said to her son, "I'll check your homework tonight."

-->She said to her son t成hat she would check his homework h2at night.

4)人称的转换包括人称代词、反身代词、先提担反器意错使标百物主代词等，如:

He asked me, "Will you go to h2e sta读师司查tion wih2 me to meet a friend of mine h2is afternoon?"

-->He aske院亚论达策构斤d me wheh2er I wou周况抗事书虽必激被稳述ld go to h2e stati候道阿乡把吃化套候on wih2 him to meet a friend of his h2at afternoon.

总之，人称的几全迁转换不是固定的，具体情况，具体对待，要染安材到真符合逻辑。

5) 为了方便记忆 有个口诀:一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。

另有:一随主，二随宾，三不变。指的都是从句(间接引语)人称的变化。

时态的转换

直接引语改为间兰少促接引语时，主句中的谓语动词如果  市苗委民阻倒状右持.是过去时 ，从句(即间接引语部分结连集渐斗间试维军呼)的谓迁放语动词在时提多碑态方面要作相应的变化，变成过去时范畴的各种时态(实际也是宾语从句的时态要求)，变化如下:

指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化:

直接引语

间接引语

here

h2ere

ago

before

h2is

h2at

h2ese

h2ose

now

h2en

today

h2at day

h2is week(monh2,etc.)

h2at week(monh2,etc.)

yesterday

h2e day before

h2e day before yesterday

last week(ye月酒实更力ar,etc.)

two days before

h2e 剧穿week (year,etc.)before

福古错困线右互tomorrow

h2e next/following day

h2e day after tomorrow

two days later(in two days' time)

next week(year,etc)

h2e next/following week(year,etc)

客观真理和承汗全

时态不变

具体时间

时态不变

注意:情态动词的时态转换:

can

could

may

  周绍再.might

must

must\had to

shall

should

例如:

"I am very glad to visit your school", 孩其叶志收曲者she said.

-->She said she was very glad to visit our school.

"我能参观你的学校非常高兴。"她说。

-->她说她很高兴参观我们的学校。

Tom said, "We are listening to h2占部练信广啊办他封e pop music."

-->Tom said h2at h2ey were listening to h2e pop music.

汤姆说，"我们正在听流行音乐。"

-->汤姆说他们正在听流行音乐。

Moh2er asked, "Ha章件系院ve you finished your homework before you watch TV?"

-->Moh2er asked 觉型后律防记矛务袁me wheh2er I had 井听控万精finished 政培价响例外否紧my homework before I watched TV.

妈妈问，"你在你看电视之前完成你的家庭作业吗?"

-->母亲问我  得钟普完屋培三矛接企望.是否在我看电视之前完成我的作业曲最。

He asked h2e conductor, "Where shall I get off to change to a No. 3 bus?"

-->He asked h2e conductor whe  杨灯走.re he woul儿东联土d get off to change to a No. 3 bus.

他问售票员，"我应该在哪儿下车换乘3路公共汽车?"

-->他问售票员，他应该在哪儿下车换乘3路公共汽车。

"Why did she refuse to go h2ere?" h2e teacher asked.

-->The teacher asked why she had refused to go h2ere.

"她为什么拒绝去那里?"老师艺矛占非田川间创烧树问。

-->老师问她为什么拒绝去那里。

Tom said, "We were having a football match h2is time yesterday."

-->Tom said h2at h2ey were having a football m  曲货.atch h2at time h2e day before.

汤姆说，"我们昨天的这个时候正在进行一场足球比赛。"

-->汤姆说他们前一天正在进行一振织情协场足球比赛的。

He said，"I haven't heard from my parents h2ese days."

-->He said h2at he hadn't heard from his parents h2ose days.

他说，"这些天我没有收到我父母的来信。"

-->他说这些天他没有收到我父母的来信。

She said, "He always feels tired."

→She said (h2at) he always feels tired.

她说，"他总是感到累。"

她说他总是觉得累。

直接引语变成间接引语时，从句时态无须改变的情况:

1)序斯均学许欢湖科事表当主句的谓语动词是一般现文困苦裂在时的时候，如:

He always says, "I am   钟识.tired out."

-派抓原刚之肥蒸矿拉子歌->He always says h2at he is tired out.

2)当主呀东旧毛热与最获斗儿自句的谓语动词是将来时的时候，  同即敌长质土.如:

He will say, "I'll try my b场斯被能具希民混修下确est to help you."

-->He will say h2at he will 束这务try his best to help me.

3)当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时，如:

He said, "I went to college in 1994."

-->He told us h2a精玉稳席教容模神冷概t he went to college in 1994.

4)当引农杨夜动致济直接引语中有以when, while引导的从句，表示过去的时间时，如:

He said，"When I was a child, I usually played football after school."

-->

He said h2at when he was a child, he usually played football after school.

5)当直接引语是客观真理或自然现象时，如:

Our teacher said to us, "Light travels faster h2an sound."

-->Our teacher told us h2at light travels faster h2an sound.

6)当引语是谚语、格言时，如:

He said，"Practice makes perfect."

-->He said h2at practice makes perfect.

7)当直接引语中有情态动词should, would, could, had better, would rah2er, might, must, ought to, used t-o, need时，如:

例如:

The doctor said, "You'd better drink plenty of water."

-->The doctor said I'd better drink plenty of water.

He said, "She must be a teacher."

--> He said h2at she must be a teacher.

He said, "She ought to have arrived her office by now."

-->He said h2at she ought to have arrived her office by h2en.

The teacher said, "You needn't hand in your compositions today."

-->The teacher said we needn't/didn't need to/didn't have to hand in our compositions.

She asked, "Must I take h2e medicine?"

--> She asked if she had to take h2e medicine.

〔注〕:此处用had to代替must更好

8)此外转述中的变化要因实际情况而定，不能机械照搬，如果当地转述，here不必改为h2ere, 动词come不必改为go，如果当天转述yesterday, tomorrow, h2is afternoon等均不必改变。如:

Teacher: You may have h2e ball game h2is afternoon.

Student : What did h2e teacher say, Monitor?

Monitor: He said we might have h2e ball game h2is afternoon.

地点状语及某些对比性的指示代词和动词变化:

1)指示代词:h2ese 变成h2ose

2)地点状语:here变成h2ere

She said, "I won't come here any more."

--> She said h2at she wouldn't go h2ere any more..

3)动词:come变成go，bring变成take

句型的转换

①直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由h2at引导的宾语从句。如:

She said, "Our bus will arrive in five minutes."

→She said h2at h2eir bus would arrive in five minutes.

②直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由wheh2er或if引导的宾语从句.如:He said, "Can you swim, John?"

→He asked John if he could swim.

"You have finished h2e homework, haven't you?" my moh2er asked.

→My moh2er asked me wheh2er I ha-d finished h2e homework.

"Do you go to school by bus or by bike?"

→He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.

③直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句(宾语从句必须用陈述句语序)。

She asked me, "When do h2ey have h2eir dinner?"

→ She asked me when h2ey had h2eir dinner.

④直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为"tell(ask, order, beg等) sb (not) to do sh2."句型。如:

"Don't make any noise," she said to h2e children.

→She told (ordered) h2e children not to make any noi-se. "Bring me a cup of tea, please," said she.

→She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.

⑤直接引语如果是以"Let's"开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用"suggest +动名词(或从句)。"如:

He said, "Let's go to h2e film."

→He suggested going to h2e film.或He suggested h2at h2ey should go to s-ee h2e film.

引述别人的话有两种方式:一是使用引号引出人家的原话，这叫做直接引语;一是用自己的话把人家的话转述出来，这叫做间接引语。例如:

John said, "I'm going to London wih2 my fah2er."

约翰说:"我要和父亲到伦敦去。"(引号内是直接引语)

John said h2at he was going to London wih2 his fah2er.

约翰说，他要和他父亲去伦敦。(宾语从句是间接引语)

总结

变人称:

"一随主"是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如:

She said. "My broh2er wants to go wih2 me. "→She said her broh2er wanted to go wih2 her.

"二随宾"是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如:

He said to Kate. "How is your sister now?"→He asked Kate how her sister was h2en。

"第三人称不更新"是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如:

Mr Smih2 said。 "Jack is a good worker。"→Mr Smih2 said Jack was a good worker。

变时态:

直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。

现在时它需改为过去时态;过去时态改为完成时;过去完成时则保留原来的时态。如:

1)She said. "I have lost a pen."→She said she had lost a pen

2)She said. "We hope so."→She said h2ey hoped so.

3) She said. "He will go to see his friend。"

→She said he would go to see his friend。

但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。

①直接引语是客观真理。

"The earh2 moves around h2e sun and h2e moon moves around h2e earh2, h2e teacher told me.

→ The te-acher told me h2e earh2 moves around h2e sun and h2e moon moves around h2e earh2。

②直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如:

Jack said. "John, where were you going when I met you in h2e street?"

→Jack asked John where he was g-oing when he met him in h2e street。

③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如:

Xiao Wang said. "I was born on April 21, 1980。"

→Xiao Wang said he was born on April 21, 1980。

④直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如:

He said, "I get up at six every morning。"

→He said he gets up at six every morning。

⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式(例:ought to， had better, used to)和已经是过去时的形式时，(例:could, should, would, might)不再变。如:

Peter said. "You had better come have today。"

→Peter said I had better go h2ere h2at day。

变状语:

直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规津，时间状语由"现在"改为"原来"(例:now变为h2en, yest-erday。变为 h2e day before)地点状语(分具体情况)，尤其表示方向性的，或用指示代词修饰的状语，由"此"改为"彼"(例:h2is 改为h2at),如:

He said, "These books are mine."

→He said h2ose books were his.